I am an empirical economist studying international economics, most often related to economic integration and disintegration. My work centers on sanctions, trade policy, and economic security, and more broadly on how goods, people, and ideas move across borders. I am fond of unconventional, often big data and the quantitative tools needed to make sense of it. Much of my research feeds into policy — through the KITE model and advisory work for the German Bundestag and the European Commission.